From Ajuda Palace to the National Pantheon: the “marbles” in the construction and reconstruction of some notable monuments in Lisbon

Abstract

In the 19th and 20th centuries, ornamental stones continued to play an important role in the construction and reconstruction works in Portugal. In Lisbon, the Lioz alongside other varieties of limestone from the outskirts of the capital, often combined with Arrábida
Breccia and the Estremoz Anticline Marbles, define buildings and the landscape. Starting from three case studies – Ajuda Palace (construction), Palace of the Courts (extension and refurbishment) and National Pantheon (conclusion of the building) – framed in different times and circumstances, the aim is to identify and contextualize the presence of the “marbles” (sometimes a wide and vague concept) in these buildings, the criteria of choice and suppliers. Monumentality, chromatic effects, convenience, availability, proximity, cost and time, proved to be determining factors in the options of architects and sponsors.